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fixed action pattern
The term fixed action pattern (FAP), or modal action pattern, is sometimes used in ethology to denote an instinctive behavioral sequence that is relatively invariant within the species and almost inevitably runs to completion.
Fixed action patterns, or similar behaviour sequences, are produced by a neural network known as the innate releasing mechanism in response to an external sensory stimulus known as a sign stimulus or releaser. A fixed action pattern is one of the few types of behaviors which was thought to be "hard-wired" and instinctive.
==Terminology==
The term "sign stimulus", or "releaser", is used to denote a simple feature of a complex stimulus that can elicit a FAP. For example, the red belly of a male stickleback elicits a head-down, attack behaviour in other male sticklebacks. This same response can be elicited by artificial models or objects that contain the sign stimulus of red, for example, a red coloured card.
The terms "sign stimulus" and "releaser" are sometimes used interchangeably, however, they have different meanings. The term sign stimulus is used to denote a feature of an animal's environment that elicits a particular response. The term releaser is used for a stimulus that has evolved to facilitate communication between conspecifics (animals of the same species).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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